Burns.

نویسندگان

Gordon L Klein

David N Herndon

چکیده

Definitions It is very important for the clinician caring for a burn victim to know the depth, or degree, of burn. A first-degree burn is superficial, dry, painful to touch, and heals in less than 1 week. A second-degree burn is partial thickness and pink or possibly mottled red. It exhibits bullae or frank weeping on the surface. It usually is painful unless classified as deep and heals in 1 to 3 weeks. Second-degree burns commonly are caused by scald injuries and result from brief exposure to the heat source. A third-degree burn is the most serious. It appears pearly white, charred, hard, or parchmentlike. The dead skin (eschar) is white, tan, brown, black, and occasionally red. Superficial vascular thrombosis can be observed; there also can be focal tissue loss with prolonged exposure and a soapy-looking lesion that is found in alkali burns. A first-degree burn is exemplified by prolonged exposure to sunlight. Secondand third-degree burns can result from contact with hot fluids (scald) or hot objects, such as an iron (contact burn), flames (flame burn), high-voltage electricity (electrical burn); various chemical agents, including acid and alkali (chemical burn); or very cold objects or environments (frostbite). The physician also must determine the extent of injury. The determination of total body surface area (TBSA) involved in a burn injury is shown in the Figure.

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